Diabetology
RelationalDoctors 8/4/2025 11:28:32 PM
Diabetology is the branch of medicine that deals with diabetes, its treatment, and the prevention of complications. Diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, in which sugar that has entered the body and is not used floods the tissues. The disease is indicated by an abnormal increase in blood sugar levels.
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Causes of diabetes:
Diabetes can be caused by the pancreas not producing enough insulin, but it can also be caused by the body's insensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency).
Types of diabetes:
- Type 1 diabetes: the pancreas is unable to secrete insulin, or the amount of insulin produced is not enough. In this case, insulin must be replaced every day, even several times, in the form of injections. Type 1 diabetes is the rarest, affecting less than 10% of patients.
- Type 2 diabetes: the body produces insulin but is unable to use it properly. This is the most common form of diabetes and usually develops over the age of 40. It can be treated in two ways: with medication or insulin. However, the most important thing is a good diet and adequate physical activity. In the early stages of the disease, there are no symptoms, but later the following may occur: feeling tired, itchy skin, numbness in the hands or feet, frequent infections, dry mouth, frequent urination, blurred vision, weight loss, etc.
Diabetological examination:
During the diabetological examination, the diabetologist will learn about the patient's medical history, lifestyle, and diet. He/she will discuss possible complications and, if necessary, recommend further tests. The physical examination may be followed by a discussion of treatment options.
Blood sugar load (with 4 blood samples):
A test to detect carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The first blood sample is taken on an empty stomach, then three more blood samples are taken after consuming a liquid containing 75 g of carbohydrates. The entire test takes about two and a half hours.
Starch test (with 4 blood samples):
A procedure that tests the function of the pancreas. After consuming starch, repeated blood tests are performed to determine blood sugar. If the values do not increase, this indicates a problem with the breakdown of starch in the intestine.
